Lighting

 Lighting can be used to highlight important elements of any scene.

High key lighting: a bright well-lit scene with very few shadows.  often used to make a location or character seem more friendly and happy.

Low key lighting: a dimly lit scene with loads of shadows. often used to make a location or character seem more shady, dangerous and unsafe.

Chaiaroscuro lighting: a scene lit with extreme lighting, lots of shadows and some very bright parts